A study conducted in Haryana, India, from March 2022 to August 2023 developed a scientific protocol for assessing cattle welfare. This research evaluated various husbandry setups, including cattle shelters and different types of farms, and identified twenty welfare indicators combining physical, behavioral, and physiological measures. The protocol aims to standardize evaluations of cattle health and welfare in the region.
Source: BMC veterinary research, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-026-05377-z