In January 2026, India's Supreme Court issued an order creating permanent exclusion zones for sterilized and vaccinated community dogs in institutional areas. This decision, made in November 2025, recognized the Catch, Neuter, Vaccinate, and Release method as effective for urban regions. The article analyzes the implications of this two-tiered system in terms of constitutional protections, public health, and shelter capacity.
Source: LEOH – Journal of Animal Law, Ethics and One Health, https://doi.org/10.58590/leoh.2026.002